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Act of Uniformity 1559

 Published Date: May 8, 2010  17 Comments on Act of Uniformity 1559

On the 8th May 1559, Queen Elizabeth I gave her approval to the Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy which had been passed by Parliament on the 29th April. The Act of Uniformity made Protestantism England’s official faith, established a form of worship which is still followed in English Parish churches today and showed the country that Elizabeth was bent on following a middle road where religion was concerned.

The Middle Road of Faith

Elizabeth I was a keen Protestant, having been converted by her stepmother Catherine Parr, a zealous reformer, in her formative years in the 1540s, however, she was no Puritan or Calvinist and was against clerical marriage.

Elizabeth had seen the damage that religious divisions had done to the country in her half-sister Mary’s reign and was intent on bringing peace and tolerance to England once again. Although she herself had a Protestant faith, she wanted to create a religious settlement that Protestants and Catholics would be happy with, a halfway house, a middle of the road settlement that would allow her subjects to live in peace with each other but which would also allow her to restore Protestantism as the country’s faith and restore royal supremacy so she could be head of the Church. Elizabeth declared that she had “no desire to make windows into men’s souls” and she believed that “there is only one Christ, Jesus, one faith, all else is a dispute over trifles”, and her religious settlement was her attempt to show this. Both Calvinists and Catholics criticised the Act, but Elizabeth knew the importance of stability and knew that this religious settlement would achieve it.

The Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity 1559 – Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement

So, what did Elizabeth’s middle of the road settlement consist of?

  • It made Mary I’s repeal of Edward VI’s Act for Uniformity and Administration of the Sacraments null and void – Elizabeth’s Act of Uniformity reinstated the use of the English Book of Common Prayer from 1552. All services were to follow the order of service set out in this book and be in English.
  • Royal Supremacy – Elizabeth was made Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
  • The Catholic mass was banned.
  • Everybody was to attend church on Sundays and holy days or be fined 12 pence.
  • Measures or punishments for clergymen who did not stick to the Act and the Book of Common Prayer.
  • Church ornaments – “that such ornaments of the church, and of the ministers thereof, shall be retained and be in use, as was in the Church of England, by authority of Parliament, in the second year of the reign of King Edward VI”.

You can read the full text of the Act of Uniformity 1559 at http://history.hanover.edu/texts/engref/er80.html – it’s very wordy!

Although many people see Elizabeth’s religious settlement as too middle of the road and a sign that Elizabeth’s faith was weak, I think that Elizabeth had to set her personal faith and feelings to one side and act in the best interests of her country. The Marian persecutions and the way that England had bounced from Protestantism to Catholicism had caused much unrest and instability, and Elizabeth had to deal with this. Obviously she did have to take certain measures against the Catholics later in her reign, when she was dealing with plots against her and imminent invasion from Spain, but the start of her reign was all about moderation and tolerance and I applaud her for that. I cannot and will not question her faith, that was personal to her, but she was a woman who had debated evangelical ideas with Catherine Parr, had translated Margaret of Navarre’s evangelical work, “Le miroir de l’ame pecheresse” (The Mirror of the Sinful Soul), at the age of 11 and had risked her life in Mary I’s reign by continually missing mass. She was a woman with a true and real faith.

Related posts:

8 May 1559 – Act of Uniformity Elizabeth I’s Coronation – 15 January 1559 15th January 1559 – The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I 18th November 1559 – Death of Cuthbert Tunstall, Bishop of Durham Elizabeth I – England’s Greatest Monarch? The Coronation of Elizabeth I – 15th January 1559 The Mirror of the Sinful Soul 17th November 1558 – Elizabeth I Becomes Queen Elizabeth I’s Reign – Just Survival? Elizabeth I: The Writer 1559 Parliament Speech Elizabeth I: Fortune’s Bastard by Richard Rex